Estimating suppressed data in regional economic databases: A goal-programming approach

To avoid disclosure of individual establishment information, data records may have to be suppressed in regional economic databases, with values represented by flags. This paper investigates this suppression process and presents a goal-programming optimization approach to estimate these flagged data, using the 2000 County Business Patterns (CBP) database as a case study. The approach minimizes the sum of weighted deviations between the estimates and target values, subject to constraints related to county and sector total employment, as well as to flag and establishment size intervals. The model is tested using Ohio and Arizona data, for both sources of inconsistencies and parameter selection. A decision-theoretic analysis of the test results points to specific strategies that yield the best estimates of the suppressed data.     

MODELING FIRM SPATIAL INTERDEPENDENCE USING NATIONAL DATA COVERAGES: A REGIONAL APPLICATION TO MANURE MANAGEMENT

Abstract A regional modeling framework using national data series is developed to estimate the net cost of land‐applying manure under possible policy provisions to limit water‐ and air‐quality emissions. The modeling framework, applied to the Chesapeake Bay watershed, integrates GIS‐based spatial data within an optimization model to capture spatial effects at a subwatershed scale.     

An X-ray study of a 12-crown-4 host-guest complex. Crystal structure of the 4∶6 complex between 12-crown-4 and aminosulfuric acid

The title compound was prepared by treating a methanolic solution of 12-crown-4 with an aqueous solution of aminosulfuric acid. The crystal for X-ray analysis was obtained by recrystallization from acetone. The compound [(12-crown-4)₄·[NH₃SO₃)₆] (1) is monoclinic, space groupP2₁/a,a=21.900(8),b=15.499(5),c=18.079(5) Å, =67.85(2)°. Refinement led to a final conventionalR value of 0.0788 for 3280 reflections. Supplementary Data relating to this publication have been deposited with British Library as Supplementary Publication No. 82160 (22 pages) and include: the list ofF _obs,F _calc; tables of bond distances, bond angles and selected least square planes, as well as a figure of 12-crown-4 in C₄-conformation.     

基于深度约束的水下稠密立体匹配

针对双目水下图像匹配不满足空气中常规极线约束的问题,提出一种基于深度约束的半全局算法以实现水下稠密立体匹配.首先采用深度约束确定匹配过程的深度约束搜索区域.然后,基于深度约束区域将绝对差值和梯度计算推广到二维区域并进行加权融合.在深度约束区域内的搜索过程中,采用胜者为王的策略确定某一视差值下的最佳行差及最佳行差下的匹配代价,并将其作为能量函数的数据项应用于半全局算法中,进行匹配代价的聚合.最后采用抛物线拟合法得到亚像素级的稠密视差图.在水下图片上进行的稠密立体匹配结果表明:相较于其他半全局匹配算法,本文算法在极大提高运行速度的前提下,可以获得良好的水下稠密立体匹配效果.     

Minimum Disparity Estimators for Discrete and Continuous Models

Disparities of discrete distributions are introduced as a natural and useful extension of the information-theoretic divergences. The minimum disparity point estimators are studied in regular discrete models with i.i.d. observations and their asymptotic efficiency of the first order, in the sense of Rao, is proved. These estimators are applied to continuous models with i.i.d. observations when the observation space is quantized by fixed points, or at random, by the sample quantiles of fixed orders. It is shown that the random quantization leads to estimators which are robust in the sense of Lindsay [9], and which can achieve the efficiency in the underlying continuous models provided these are regular enough.     

一种基于H.264的立体视频编码中的视差估计快速算法

视差估计与补偿是立体视频图像压缩编码中的关键技术．本文分析了立体摄像系统视差分布的约束条件（外极线约束、方向性约束等）和视差矢量的相关性（帧内视差矢量的空域相关性和帧间视差矢量的时域相关性）,并结合H．264标准中的多种块选择模式之间的相关性,提出了基于H．264的立体视频编码的视差估计快速算法．实验结果表明,提出的快速算法能有效地降低视差估计的计算复杂度．     

Regional source contributions to fine particulate matter of less studied cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 2017

Located in the central area of the North China Plain, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region experiences severe air pollution, especially for Hebei province with five cities among the top 10 cities with the worst air quality nationwide. However, less studies have investigated local and regional contributions to cities in Hebei in comparison to Beijing and Tianjin. In this study, a source-oriented version of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is used to quantify inter- and intra-province transport of PM_2.5 in 11 cities within Hebei in 2017. PM_2.5 and its components vary seasonally with high levels in winter and low levels in summer. Local contributions to total PM_2.5 within cities are 23%–61%, while intra-province transport contributes 10%–30%, and inter-province transport contributes 23%–46%, with top contributors of Shandong (4%–22%), Henan (3%–15%) and Shanxi (2%–11%). The primary components in most cities are mainly from local sources (30%–80%), and the secondary components are mainly from inter-province contributions (30%–66%). Local sources have the highest contributions to total PM_2.5 in Shijiazhuang (∼49%), followed by Shanxi (∼12%) and Xingtai (∼7%). Secondary components from local and intra-province emissions are the major cause of heavy pollution events. These results suggest that both local and regional joint control measures with neighboring cities and provinces are necessary for pollution reduction in Hebei cities.     

计算OWA算子权重的最小最大不一致方法及讨论

权重向量的确定是有序加权平均（ordered weighted aweraging,OWA）算子理论中的一个关键问题，目前已有不少获取权重向量的模型。2010年EMROUZNEJAD 和AMIN两位专家在计算OWA算子权重向量时提出了改进最小最大不一致模型：对于给定的orness测度建立一个最小最大目标规划问题，求解该模型可以得到最优权重向量。但由该方法得到的最优解并不唯一，且存在无穷多解，因此，该模型存在不可靠性。本文通过引理给出定理，证明了其最优解的不唯一性，并用简单有效的数值例子予以说明。     

The enhanced extended phenomenological kinetics method to deal with timescale disparity problem among different reaction pathways

Kinetic Monte Carlo method can provide valuable mechanistic insights for catalytic systems. Nonetheless, it suffers from the notorious problem of timescale disparity due to the existence of the complex catalytic network that consists of fast events and slow events. Previously, we have proposed the extended phenomenological kinetics (XPK) method that effectively deals with the timescale disparity problem between diffusion and reaction. However, it remains a great challenge to simulate systems with timescale disparity among different reaction pathways, which is important when selectivity is the major concern. In this study, we implement the enhanced XPK method to address this problem. The new algorithm works by identifying states connected through fast transitions and compressing them into a “superstate” when the chosen states satisfy a local steadystate condition. This state compression algorithm simplifies the reaction network by concealing the fast transitions. The accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm are demonstrated by two model systems: selective catalytic hydrogenation and selective catalytic decomposition. The enhanced XPK method is expected to be beneficial to the kinetic simulations of catalytic systems, especially those with complex reaction networks.     

计算OWA算子权重的最小最大不一致方法及讨论

权重向量的确定是有序加权平均（ordered weighted aweraging,OWA）算子理论中的一个关键问题，目前已有不少获取权重向量的模型。2010年EMROUZNEJAD 和AMIN两位专家在计算OWA算子权重向量时提出了改进最小最大不一致模型：对于给定的orness测度建立一个最小最大目标规划问题，求解该模型可以得到最优权重向量。但由该方法得到的最优解并不唯一，且存在无穷多解，因此，该模型存在不可靠性。本文通过引理给出定理，证明了其最优解的不唯一性，并用简单有效的数值例子予以说明。